How the company combine to satisfy shareholders and the demands of Dissertation - 1

How the company combine to satisfy shareholders and the demands of society with no impact on the profitability - Dissertation Example Through these two elements, the reality of the global market, of virtual realities and faster access and exchange of information are realized (Brooke et al., 2004; Chandra, 2008; Soros, 2002; Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004), creating a vision of a better world across the globe. However, in 2007, the world has been hit by global economic crisis, which has led to serious difficulties in the lives of ordinary people (Roth 2009; Yandle 2010). The global financial meltdown has put into limelight the relationship and responsibility of businesses to the society as the economic crisis has been precipitated by excessive risk taking of businesses and masking its dangerous actions through, corporate philanthropic, activities (Bordo, 2008; Lin-Hi, 2010; Reinhart, 2008). The notion of economic institutions having social responsibilities has been widely discussed in the past two decades (Campbell, 2007). This coincides with the fact that also in the last two decades the influence and power of corporations have grown due to global presence of multinational corporations and trans- national corporations, which pave for more jobs and resources, higher standard of living and better social conditions (Uccello, 2009). Nonetheless, it should be noted, that the idea of economic institutions of being responsible not only in fulfilling their fiduciary responsibilities to the shareholders, but also satisfying the public interest and stakeholders demands have been proposed already as early as the 1930’s (Hemingway, 2002). As such, the concept of corporate social responsibility is not something new, but it has long been recognised that corporations have responsibilities towards, employees, shareholders, consumers, local communities, natural environment and other stakeholders (Hemingway & Maclagan, 2004; Zolsnai, 2006). However, due to the global financial crisis the urgency to look into the purpose and relationship of economic institutions (businesses) in the society becomes ne cessary. The global financial crisis has concretely shown that actions of corporations are not happening in a vacuum, but it has a direct effect not only to the shareholders but also to all stakeholders (Lin-Hi, 2010). In this regard, this research will look into how company combines satisfaction of both the shareholders and stakeholders and on how this can be measured. The research will be mainly dealing with corporate social responsibility; however, the research will attempt to provide alternative insights regarding CSR because the study will be conducted with the experience of the global financial meltdown as its beacon. The experience demands that CSR be re-understood with clearer parameters and measures that will assist people and stakeholders as attempts are made to further clarify the purpose and relationship of businesses in the society. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW In the literature review, current trends and discussions regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) will be prese nted. The discussion will cover three sections. The first part will be dealing with the nature of CSR, while the second part will be touching on the apparent relationship among CSR, shareholder satisfaction and profitability. Finally, the third part will be about the means undertaken to determine the impact of CSR. To be able to embark on a discussion, the research has conducted a library research. The electronic databases Academic Source Complete, Business Source Complete, Jstor, Google Scholar, PsycheInfo and ERIC have been searched using a

Services and the marketing strategies Essay Example for Free

Services and the marketing strategies Essay Qns: Discuss the 4 major characteristics of services and the marketing strategies available for the service organization. Qns: What are the primary differences between product and services? Give examples that highlight these differences between product and services. Give examples that highlight these differences and provide examples of hybrid offer. Qns. Using a service example of your choice, explain how the service company can deal with intangibility, inseparability, variability and perishability. Four Major characteristics of services:1) Intangibility 2) Inseparability 3) Variability 4) Perishability Intangibility *Lack of tangible assets which can be seen, touched, smelled, heard or taste prior to purchase. E.g., education, air travel, sporting events, highly intangible *Purchasing movie ticket, buy you an experience, services subjectively evaluated *Own set of perceptions and expectations, opinions differ regarding value of experience *Customer returns home with a memory of experience and obtain physical ownership Tangibility *Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a want or need *Tangible assets; seen, felt, tasted or touched *E.g. shoes, objectively evaluated before actual purchase *Take shoes home, have ownership and physical possession of a tangible object Hybrid Offer *Offer a tangible product with their service, service is still intangible because consumer are purchasing the service, not the good *Restaurant, consumer are paying the restaurant to prepare the food for them *Evaluation of service is based on how well the restaurant prepared the food *To reduce intangibility, an airline company feature tangible assets such as their airplanes, pilots, flight attendants, or other personnel in an advertisement Inseparability *Refers to the service providers physical connection to the service being provided *Involve customers involvement in the service production process *Service is performed and consumed at the same time, with the quality of service highly dependant on the ability of the service provider and quality of interaction between the service provider and the customer *E.g., getting a haircut, customer will go to the hair stylist and being  present while the service is being produced Separability *In contrast, products are produced and sold at a later time *E.g., television is produced at the factory and sold at a later time Hybrid Offer *Is in the case of getting medical services. Dentist is using filling to fill cavities for the customer while the customer is present *To reduce inseparability or the dependence on the customer-employee interaction, an airline company can sell its air tickets through the internet where customers can buy air tickets directly from their website. Variability *Unwanted at random levels of service quality customers receive when they patronize a service *Primarily caused by human element, although machines may malfunction causing a variation in the service *Various employees will perform the same service differently and even the same service *E.g, commercial window cleaning, the outcome will differ if the firm uses different employees each time a business is services Contrast *Goods are mass-produced by factories and as such their features, ability and usage are the same *E.g. telephone are mass-produced in the factories and sold to customers offering the same features, abilities and usage Hybrid Offer *Fast food restaurant, the hamburgers, French fries and other food are mass produced and put in warming bins. Customers are served with hamburgers, French fries and other food when they ordered and served by service staff at the counter *To reduce variability, the airline company can put their service staff through intensive training or customize the service based on the customers specific instructions by asking the customers to fill in details on how they expect to be treated and what they want from the service staff when they purchase the air tickets from the company Perishability *Refers to the trait that services cannot be saved, their unused capacity cannot be reserved and they cannot be inventoried *Most services consumed at a point of production *E.g. Hotel rooms that go unoccupied for the evening cannot be stored and used it at a later date *Caused the reverse to occur where the demand is greater than supply. E.g. Airline does not have enough seats for everyone Contrast *Products can be mass produced and stored in the warehouses until consumer are ready to purchase *The ability not creates an inventory of the good that will eventually be purchased by the consumer means that production and consumption of the good can be separated in time and space. E.g., in the case of a pair of jeans does not sell today, a retailer can store it and sell it at a later time Hybrid Offer *In a fast food restaurant, they can inventory part of their service process example, inventory hamburgers for a limited period of time *However, the outlet cannot inventory the entire service experience, the counter staff still need to serve the customers with the hamburgers and the hamburgers cannot be saved for the next day *To reduce perishability, the airline must develop strategies to cope with fluctuating demand. This goal can be accomplished by making simultaneous adjustments in demand, supply and capacity *One method of adjusting the demand is that the airline company can reduce the price or offer promotions during the low peak season to attract customer to travel and utilize the airline seats during the low peak season instead of the peak season. *Supply can be adjusted by increasing the number of in flights departing the country during the peak season. To increase capacity, the airline company can arrange to increase the number of flights departing at the same time. Marketing Strategy It is defined as the process of adjusting controllable marketing factors to cope with or exploit uncontrollable environment. Four strategies that are available for the service organizations are so follows: 1.Three additional Ps 2.Managing service differentiation 3.Managing Service Quality 4.Managing Service Productivity Three Additional Ps The traditional four Ps marketing approaches work well for goods, but additional elements require attention in service business. Three additional Ps for service marketing: 1.People Most services are provided by people. Therefore, the selection, training and motivation of employees can make a huge difference in customer satisfaction. Ideally, employees should exhibit competence, a caring attitude, responsiveness, initiative, problem-solving attitude and goodwill. E.g. At Marriot, their front-line personnel are empowered to spend up to $100 to resolve a customer problem. 2.Physical Evidence Companies also try to demonstrate their service quality through physical and presentation. A hotel will develop a look and style of dealing with customers that realizes its intended customer value proposition, whether it is cleanliness, speed or some other benefit. 3.Process Service companies can choose among different processes to deliver their service. For example, restaurants to develop different formats such as buffet candlelight dinner and fast food. Service marketing requires not only external marketing but also internal and interactive marketing. External marketing describes the normal work to prepare, price, distribute and promote the service to the customer. Internal Marketing describes the work to train and motivate employees to serve customer. Interactive marketing describes the employees skills in serving the client. Client judges service not only by technical quality but also by its functional quality, therefore service providers must deliver high touch as well as High tech. Managing Service Differentiation In these days of intense price competition, service marketers often complain about the difficulty of differentiating their services from those of competitors. If customers view the services of different providers as similar, they care less about the provider than the price. The solution to price competition is to develop a differentiated offer, delivery and image. The offer can include innovative features that set one companys offer apart from their competitors offers. What the customer expects is called primary service package; the provider can add secondary service features. E.g. airlines have introduced innovation such as advance seating, sleeping compartment, hot showers to differentiate their offers. The major challenge is that most service offerings and innovations are easily copied. However, the company that regularly introduces innovations will gain a succession of temporary advantages over competitors. Service companies can differentiate itself by designing a better and faster delivery system. There are three levels of differentiation. The first is reliability: Some suppliers are more reliable in their on-time delivery, order completeness and order cycle time. Second is resilience: some suppliers are better at handling emergencies, product recalls and answering inquiries. The third is innovativeness; some suppliers create better information systems, introduce bar coding and mixed pallets and in other ways to help the customer. An example is banking system, a bank might offer its customers electronic home banking as a better way to deliver banking services thank having to drive, park and wait in line. Service companies can work on differentiating their images through symbols and branding. E.g. Merill Lynchs bill. Managing Service Quality One of the ways that a service firm can differentiate itself is by delivering consistently higher quality than its competitors do and meets or exceed customer expectations. Customers form service expectations from past experiences, word of mouth and advertising. Customers compare the perceived service with expected service. If the perceived service falls below the expected service, customers are disappointed. If the perceived service e meets or exceeds their expectations, they are apt to use the provider again. Service provider need to identify the expectations of target customers concerning service qualities. Although greater service quality results in greater customer satisfaction, it also results in high costs. Still, investments in service usually pay off through increased customer retention and sales. 5 determinants of service quality: 1. Reliability The ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. 2. Responsiveness The willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service 3. Assurance The knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence 4. Empathy The provision of caring, individualized attention to the customer. 5. Tangibles The appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials. Even though the companies have invested heavily to develop streamlined and  efficient service-delivery systems, problems will inevitably occur. However, even though the company cannot always prevent service problems, it can learn to recover from them and good service recovery can turn angry customers into loyal ones. In fact, good recovery can win more customers purchasing and loyal than if things had gone well in the first place. Therefore, companies should take steps not only to provide good service every time but also to recover from service mistakes when they do occur. The first step is to empower front-line service employees where authority, responsibility and incentives are given to the employees that they need to recognize, care about and tend to customer needs. Studies of well-managed service companies show that they share a number of common virtues regarding service quality. First they are customer obsessed. They have a distinctive strategy for satisfying customer needs that wins enduring customer loyalty. Second, they have top management commitment to quality. Management such as Ritz-Carlton looks not only at financial performance but also at service performance. Third, the best service providers set high service quality standards. They dont settle for good service, they aim at 100% defect-free service. Forth, the top service firms watch service performance closely. Both their own and competitors. They use methods such as comparison-shopping, complaints from and etc. Fifth, the service companies replaced person-to-person service interactions to self-service technologies, e.g. self-pumping at gas stations. Even though not all self-service technologies improve service quality, they have the potential of making service transactions more accurate, convenient and faster. Every company needs to think about how it might improve its services using SSTs, Sixth, excellent service companies know that positive employee attitudes will promote stronger customer loyalty. Service companies must attract the best employees they can find; they need to market a career rather than just a job. They must design a sound training program and provide support and rewards for good performance. They can use intranet, internal newsletter, daily reminders and employee roundtables to reinforce customer-centered  attitudes. It is important to audit employee job-satisfaction regularly. However, a company must be careful in training its employees to be friendly. In additional, good service companies should communicate their concerns about service quality to employees and provide performance feedback. Managing Service Productivity With the rising costs, service firms are under pressure to increase productivity. They can do so in several ways. First the company can hire and foster more skilful workers through better selection and training. Second the service firms can also increase the quantity of their service by giving up some quality, e.g. doctors working fro some HMOs have moved towards handling more patients and giving less time to each patient. Third Industrialize the Service by adding equipment and standardizing production. E.g. Macdonalds assembly-line approaches to fast food retailing, culminating in the technological hamburger. Fourth reduce or make obsolete the need for service by inventing a product solution. E.g. the wash-and-wear shirt reduced the need commercial laundries. Fifth the company can design a more effective service. E.g. The hiring of paralegal workers reduces the need for more expensive legal professionals. Sixth the company can present customers with incentives to substitute their own labor for company labor, E.g. banks have turned their customers into tellers Seventh the service provider can harness the power of technology. E.g. therapists can call up the information on hand-held computers, which pluck the data from a central computer. As a result, they can spend more time working directly with patients. However, companies must avoid pushing productivity so hard that quality is reduced. Some productivity steps help standardizes quality, increasing customer satisfaction but others might lead to over-standardization and can diminish customized service. Companies should also try to enhance the quality.

Instrumental Reasoning Essays -- Philosophy

Can Instrumental Reasoning Stand Alone? I. Introduction There is something appealing about ordinary instrumental or means-end reasoning. One begins with a want, a goal or a desire and considers available options as means to its satisfaction or achievement. If, among the available options, one is the best or only way to satisfy the desire or achieve the goal, one has a reason to select it. If two or more options both seem to lead to the goal, they may still differ in other ways, e.g., in the probability with which they lead to the goal – in which case (if that was the only difference) one would have reason to choose the option which led to the goal with higher probability. To consider things in the simplest form possible, consider a being with only a single desire. Suppose that this being wants nothing but to break a street-lamp. Even in so simple a case, we can begin to say what he ought to do. Any number of things may be effective. If he has no other goals – not even going unapprehended so that he can do it again with some other street-lamp – he may use a rifle, a pistol, throw rocks at it, climb the lamp-post to bash it with his fist, etc. But we can say that there are some things that, in terms of his goal, he ought not to do, for example, that he ought not to try breaking it (because he won’t succeed) by throwing feathers at it, one by one. It looks as though, even in this deliberately simplified case, means-end reasoning, combined with some knowledge of the world, is enough to tell us something about what he ought to do. This is not, to be sure, a moral ‘ought,’ but we seem to have generated a normative conclusion, an ought-judgment of a modest sort, without appealing to any mysterious non-natural properties ... ...h a person? Perhaps, a real example of an existentialist chooser would say that there is not even a reason for committing oneself rather than not; one just does (or does not). [15] This is not being offered as a solution to the central problem that Korsgaard has raised. I am, as stated earlier, only assuming that there is some solution. Rather, I am trying to show that, given the existence of some solution to that problem, though we need some further normative principle, it does not have to be one that picks out certain ends for us. In short, we can do almost what could have been done had the defenders of the autonomy of instrumental reasoning been correct. (In fact, I think we can do quite a bit more than we could if they had been correct – but that’s a topic for another paper.) [16] And I do not in any case have non-dialectical proofs that they are mistaken.

2014-2015 Mock trial Starter kit Essay

Would you please introduce yourself to the court room? Hello, my name is Jordanus Asterion (Hordanus Astrion) What do you do for a living, Mr. Asterion? I am an attorney How long have you been an attorney? Well I practiced for about 20 years, then I had a bit of a mishap but now I’m back to practicing, heck I got my biggest case ever just this year! This miss hap, what happened? It all started back in 2012, it was one drink then I was hooked, I was jobless, homeless, and recently divorced. I was living on the streets, in parking garages, or where ever I could. But, after the incident, I sobered up, got my law license reinstated, and got back together with my family. Are you referring to the death of cervus carona? Yes. Can you tell the jury what you saw? Well my dog woke me up and I saw the samurai group at the parking garage I was sleeping in. there were two people running up the stairs, I immeadtly recognized lang tigris, and the other person, I now know as cervus carona. They were arguing about something, I couldn’t tell what, but when they got (I can’t find what story) story cervus got physical, he pushed lang against the wall†¦. Well†¦ then it happened†¦ What are you referring to Mr. Asterion? See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Well the force of the push made both people bounce, and lang bounced and that gave cervrus a little more momentum†¦ then†¦ well†¦ cervus fell†¦ he fell out of the window. Did you observe anything after that? Yea, lang†¦ he was just calm†¦ and still†¦ it seemed like he was in shock. (I want to ask a opinion on the ultimate issue question, but I don’t know how to word it) This is just an issue of bad timing, cerverus push lang just a little to hard in the wrong place at the wrong time, and well now were here. Anything about criminal investigation on direct, object to 4.18.3 lack of proper predicate, 602 lack of personal knowledge, 703 opinions by experts You have a Bachelor’s of Science from Texoma University, don’t you? Yourdegree is in Accounting, isn’t it? You also have a Master’s degree from the Enron Hubbard Institute, don’t you? This degree is in Forensic Accounting, isn’t it?  Neither of your degrees make you eligible to work in Law Enforcement, do they? Neither of these degrees are law degrees, are they?  You have never worked as an on-staff employee of any law enforcement agency, have you? So you do not have formal expertise in criminal justice, do you? Nor do you have any educational background in criminal justice, do you? So you cannot render any expert opinions regarding the alleged criminal activities of my client other than those relating to the accounting of Argo Navis, Inc., can you? You know that both my client and Cervus Corona were attempting to sell the company, don’t you? You know that the company was worth somewhere between $2- and $200 million dollars, don’t you? (if brought up) and Lang could only receive a maximum of 2 million from life insurance You know that $75,000 dollars had been stolen from the accounts of Argo Navis, don’t you? This is the only questionable accounting you found in the Argo Navis accounts, isn’t it? And you have no conclusive evidence tying this singular piece of criminal activity to my client, do you? Beauty and the beast, price, cursed, ugly, villagers thought he was evil that was an act of prejudice May it please the court, your honor, opposing counsel, member of the jury. We all know the story of beauty and the beast, the beast was a handsome prince, who was cursed by a witch to become and evil looking monster. He was slandered, tormented and persecuted by the villagers all because of a prejudice they had towards him. Hello, my name is Nate K. I am a representing the state of texoma in today’s case. Today the prosecution holds the burden of proof, which means that if, you have a single doubt of guilt in your mind, then the defendants is innocent. Like in the beauty and the beast, the villagers, or in this case, the prosecutions witness, we presume, will attempt to slander the beast, Lang Tigris. Malus testudao will attempt to tell you he saw the altercation, but in reality he didn’t have vantage point where he could see it. Next, we presume that felis vela will  take the stand, she will tell you about how 75 thousand dollars was stolen for the company, but no one know who took it. She will also explain that the company was worth more than the money than Lang Tigris got from the life insurance. She will also give you opinions that no ability to give. Finally, limax Grus will take the stand, we believe that he will testify about the crime scene, which was not treated properly. He will also tell you about the witnesses he improperly interviewed and detained. And he will also explain that he left out an eye witness. Next we will call three witnesses. Jordanus Asterion will explain that he had a great view point of the entire altercation, and how Cervus corona began the fight, and how e fell as a result of ricochet. He explain that even though he was eyewitness, limax gruss did not interview him. Next Ares Vega will testify, he will explain to you that the Lima Grus did not control the crime scene, he also did not properly detain the witnesses, and furthermore he did not even question an eye witness. Finally, lang tigris will take the stand. He will explain that the business relationship was perfect, then Cervus began to bulk up, and he became aggressive, all lang did was try to please him, then the day of the altercation, Lang said something, he told cervrus he needed to calm down and become a team player. Cervrus said that lang was just riding his caot tails, and at that point, lang asked him about steroids, which put cerverus over the edge. He will explain that later that day they met, by chance, at the samurai class. Cervrus was aggressive and physical with him, then, it happened. Cerverus pushed lang and rebounded off the glass through the wall. Ladies and gentlemen, please don’t allow the villager to kill the beast, after he is inncocent.

Gcse Isa Chemistry Calorimetry

Hypothesis: I believe that alcoholic compounds with bigger relative formula mass will release more energy in combustion reaction than the less alcoholic hydrocarbons compounds. Equipment: Different types of alcohols in spirit burner (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12), Thermometer, water, beaker, scale, measuring cylinder, tripods, clamp, gauze, heat mat, lighter or matches. Hazard: Most of alcohol we using are flammable, irritant, toxic and harmful. 1 provide spirit burners which have removable glass caps, this makes it easier and safer to extinguish the flames.   Make sure the wick fits tightly in the wick holder and that the wick holder fits tightly in the burner. 3 Fill and label spirit burners or dropper bottles with alcohols in advance of the experiment. Read this Practice Test Chem 105 Ensure any excess alcohol is wiped off the side of the burners. 5 careful considerations must be given on igniting the alcohols. The spirit burners must be kept upright when lighting. Do not tip onto the side. 6 make sure the alcohols are kept away from any source of heat. don't burn your self by touching any flames or hot water Method: 1- Fit the beaker inside the tripod, fill the beaker with 100ml of water after measuring it by the cylinder,  and take the initial temperature of water by using thermometer, 2- Measure the mass of the  first burner spirit (Methanol)  and record it, Put the spirit burner on the heat-mat under the beaker and ignite it 3- Keep stirring the water, when the temperature reach 50? C  turn off the flame. 4- Reweigh the burner and workout the difference. – Repeat the same steps 3 times and take the average of the alcohol used in burning. 6- Apply the same steps above with the all-different types of alcohol remaining to test (Ethanol, Propanol, B utanol, Pentanol) 7- Finally you need to work out the  energy released from each alcohol by applying this calculation    q = (specific heat capacity of water 4. 2) x mass of water(g) x ? t change in temperature(? C) Then divide the answer by the used alcohol to find out the released energy kJ/g Table: Energy transferred for alcoholAlcohol name| Test 1 (g)| Test 2 (g)| Test 3 (g)| Average (g) | Transferred energy (kJ/g)| Methane| | | | | | Ethane| | | | | | Propane| | | | | | Butane| | | | | | Pentane| | | | | | Make it fair test? The answer is the same as the control variables * Volume of water (100ml). * Temperature rise to 50? C. * Same starting temperature of the water. * Always weigh the alcohol burner without the lid. Independent variables: the type of alcohol Dependent variables: transferred energy from the combustion.

Fabrication and Characterization of semiconductor nanowires by using Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) templates.

Fabrication and Characterization of semiconductor nanowires by using Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) templates. Fabrication and Characterization of semiconductor nanowires by using Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) templates.Introduction:-Great interest has been focused on one - dimensional materials, including nanowires and nanodots , because of their unique structure and properties as well as potential applications in electronics and optical devices.(1)Much effort has been focused on nanostructure formation by self - organizing methods , among them , the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates have received considerable attention in synthetic nanostructure material due to their particular characters (2), such asHave high porosities ( 1011 pores/cm2 ).Easley be prepared in the Lab. With good control over the size (length diameter) of the pores.Very good periodicity of the pore arrangement can also be obtained.Porous alumina forms on the surface of aluminum in a self - organized manner when anodized in an acid under specific conditions. Such templates have recently emerged as an important self - asse mbly method for nanofabrication (3).TheyEnglish: SEM image of ZnO nanowires on copper subs...can be used in different methods to synthesize self - assembled arrays of nanowires of a variety of materials, such as metals, semiconductors, alloys, and multilayers. Two of the standard methods that are being used are AC and DC electodeposition. Morphology and characteristics of the nanowires can easily be achieved by releasing the nanowires from the template. Magnetic, electric, transport and optical measurements all contribute toward the exploration of the fundamental properties of nanostructure materials and point toward their technological potential.In this proposal research, electrodeposition semiconductor nanowires was obtained by AC plating as well as by DC deposition. The morphology of semiconductor nanowires was studied by AFM and SEM. The electric , electronic and optical measurements was also achieved by using different suitable equipments.Research background:-In the electrodepo sition process , a thin conducting metal film , such as gold ,

14 Classic Gift Ideas for College Graduation

14 Classic Gift Ideas for College Graduation Graduating from college is often one of the most important milestones in someones life. Finding the perfect college graduation gift to match such a momentous occasion, however, can be a bit tricky. These 14 graduation gift ideas are classic, affordable, and practically guaranteed to work for any situation. Classic College Graduate Gifts Diploma frame from the graduates school: whether your graduate is going to run her own company or have a small office in a mega-company somewhere, theyll most likely want to display their diploma proudly for all to see- and for years to come. Many campus bookstores offer diploma frames with college or university logos that will add that extra pop to your graduates official degree.Shadow box: many craft and frame stores offer shadow boxes: a box that has one side made of glass (made to look like a frame) that you can hang on a wall. Create a special one tailored just for your graduate- with mementos, college insignia, and even sports paraphernalia, if appropriate. As a bonus, shadow boxes work well in an office or your graduates new apartment.Digital frame: your graduate undoubtedly has quite a few digital photos from their time in college; a digital frame can quickly turn into a great photo album of sorts that documents their time in school. Dont forget to add a few photos beforehand to get things started! College memorabilia: this can include anything that best fits your graduates personality and interests: a sweatshirt, a workout outfit, a duffel/travel bag, an alumni bumper sticker, a portfolio, or even a clock. Many campus bookstores stock up on these kinds of items around graduation day, so there should be plenty to choose from.Gift for a new apartment: is your new graduate moving out from the residence halls  and into a new place? Consider getting something that will work in a new apartment, like a portable toolkit, a gift certificate to a store like IKEA or Home Depot, or even a traditional item like bread and salt (or other culturally appropriate gifts).A classic book: your graduate spent the last several years reading hundreds of things to earn their degree, but books that help reinforce the basics are always a smart gift idea. Oh, the Places Youll Go! by Dr. Seuss and The Missing Piece Meets the Big O by Shel Silverstein are timeless graduation presents.Your favorite cookbo ok: your graduate may have eaten on-campus food, fast food, and overall-just-not-so-great food over the past several years. Why not buy a new copy of your favorite cookbook to help get them started as they learn to cook for themselves? Or, better yet, pass along your own cookbook, complete with notes you write in, for an even more personal touch. A recipe box or binder full of family recipes: this may take some time to put together, but its definitely worth the extra effort. Put together a recipe box or binder full of your favorite recipes, your family recipes, or even recipes from friends. This personalized collection can help your graduate learn how to cook meals that are familiar and delicious.Things to use in their new city or at graduate school: is your graduate moving to Boston, Washington, D.C. or New York City?  Consider buying them subway fare cards or even a monthly pass. Other locale-specific gifts, like a Zagat book or Thomas Guide, can be incredibly helpful- and appreciated!- as your graduate starts their new life in a new city.Business card holder: your graduate might be working for a non-profit or for corporate America. Either way, theyll probably have business cards theyll want to hand out at conferences, meetings, and other business events. Consider buying a small, nice, classic business card holder- some c an even be personalized- as an inexpensive but highly useful graduation present. Briefcase or a nice bag: While a briefcase is a traditional gift for a law school graduate, it can also be a great gift for any college graduate. Dont worry about needing to buy the nicest, brand-name, all-leather bag you can find, either; messenger bags and other options might work, too, depending on your graduates career field and geographic location.Engraved pen: This is one gift that never goes out of fashion. Many companies offer very nice, classic-looking pens that can also be engraved. (Some college bookstores, too, offer similar pens with tiny college logos somewhere on them.) These pens work well for business- and, of course, your graduates first day of work.Classic piece of jewelry: A pearl necklace, diamond earrings or bracelet, or even a ring with gemstones that match your graduates school colors are practically guaranteed to be a hit. Your graduate will have something to remember their special day with- and a piece of new jewelry to boot!A family memento or heirloom: Col lege graduation day is a big day for both your graduate and their family. Consider gifting something that has been passed along in the family- a piece of jewelry, an old book or diary, a photo album, or a piece of military memorabilia, for example- to mark your graduates transition from dependent student to independent, college-educated adult.

The Commonly Confused Words Prescribe and Proscribe

The Commonly Confused Words Prescribe and Proscribe The words prescribe and proscribe  are similar in pronunciation and can be easily confused, but are almost opposite in meaning. Definitions The verb prescribe means to recommend, establish, or lay down as a rule. Similarly, prescribe means to authorize a medical prescription. The verb proscribe means to ban, forbid, or condemn. Examples When doctors prescribe medicine for a child, they take the childs size and weight into account and adjust the dose accordingly.He read her temperature as 98.8. Very, very slight, he told her. I prescribe sleep.(John Updike, Married Life)Each year as many as two million Americans suffer from antibiotic-resistant illnesses, and 23,000 die as a result. Clearly, we need to get doctors to  prescribe  antibiotics more selectively. But how can this be done?(Craig R. Fox et al., How to Stop Overprescribing Antibiotics. The New York Times, March 25, 2016)Many localities have passed ordinances that proscribe the use of leaf blowers.The First Amendment generally prevents government from  proscribing  speech, or even expressive conduct, because of disapproval of the ideas expressed.(Earl E. Pollock,  The Supreme Court and American Democracy, 2009) Usage Notes Prescribe is a much commoner word and means either issue a medical prescription or recommend with authority, as in the doctor prescribed antibiotics. Proscribe, on the other hand, is a formal word meaning condemn or forbid, as in gambling was strictly proscribed by the authorities.(Maurice Waite, ed., Oxford Thesaurus of English, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009)These are almost direct opposites, and ought not to be confused. To prescribe is to define a remedy, to ordain, to decree. To proscribe is to prohibit, to forbid, to ban. When the Food and Drug Administration proscribed Laetrile, it meant that no doctor could lawfully prescribe it.(James J. Kilpatrick, The Writers Art. Andrews McMeel, 1984) Practice (a) It is illegal to pay doctors to _____ certain medicines to their patients.(b) Chinas laws severely _____ public demonstrations. Answers to Practice Exercises: Prescribe and Proscribe (a) It is illegal to pay doctors to prescribe certain medicines to their patients.(b) Chinas laws severely proscribe public demonstrations. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Western civilization.Persian Empire,Greece and Ancient Rome Essay

Western civilization.Persian Empire,Greece and Ancient Rome - Essay Example Modern civilization today seems to be far from the world of ancient history where stone and man were the fundamental building blocks of technology, but when examined closely, that is not actually so. Modern civilization can trace its routes quite clearly to ancient history, one civilization after the other, with each influencing the next and all subsequent empires, in terms of both innovation and invention. Perhaps one of the most advanced empires of its time, in terms of technological development and innovation, was the Persian Empire, which occupies the area now held by modern Iran. This was perhaps due to the fact that their own technological innovations and ideas were greatly helped in development due to the natural resources available in the area. The Persian empire can not only be attributed to inventions such as the Qanat, a water irrigation system, windmills, or even the earliest batteries – which were possibly used for purposes such as electroplating – but also to a great number of technological advances, in terms of weapons as well as art and architecture. The Persians had managed to develop their ancient tools of knives and bows and arrows into stronger, more advanced weapons made of hard metal by the rule of Darius. This included both weapons, such as the metallic dagger and swords, as well as armor, such as shields and helmets. Persian architecture included the use of cider instead of stone, allowing them to create tall, high structure, supported by thinner and more delicate, yet stronger, beams than other buildings of the era. The Persians can also be attributed to having invented history’s first pontoon bridge. Many of these inventions served as inspiration for future development and some of them are in fact still used today, but in a technologically more advanced form. As advanced as the Persians might have been in their own time however, there is absolutely no doubt as to incredibly advanced level of innovation and inventio n held by the Greeks. Inventor and mathematicians such as Heronas, who was the mind behind modern day hydraulic systems as well as many other machines and automation systems, was also attributed to having invented and developed the world’s first steam engine. The steam engine, in its developed modern form, was one of the most milestone inventions for modern western civilization as it provided a complete turn of mechanism from the ancient days of doing everything by hand. It created a clear divide between the age of man and the age of machines, with modern civilization developing rapidly and dramatically after its invention. Indeed many of our inventions today can trace its route back to the steam engine, or can at least accredit it to being the inspiration behind them. The principal behind jet propulsion is indeed the exact principle behind the ancient Greek version of Heronas’s steam engine. Rotary mills, screw presses and the use of gears and screws may also be attri buted to the Greek inventors of 5th Century BC. Perhaps the most significant period of Greek impact on modern civilization is the Hellenistic period, or the Age of Alexander, where the modern western of civilization finds its roots in not only technological impacts, but also in terms of philosophy, science, politics and literature. In the Hellenistic period, scientist focused more on the practical aspect of science, dwelling into practical experiments, rather than focusing only on theoretical debate, which was more the focus of classic era scientists such as Plato and Aristotle. Early writings indicated evidence that the Hellenistic scientist Strato had in great detail described the principal and construction of a vacuum, an innovation that would not properly be considered and developed until centuries later in the Renaissance Period. Strato also worked on the principals of acceleration, force, gravity and momentum, all of which are fundamental principals in physics and technology. What made these

Theory and Empirics in Qualitative Geographic Research Essay

Theory and Empirics in Qualitative Geographic Research - Essay Example He presents his data through anecdotes --- presenting the details of the scenario and then analyzing it afterward. This is quite effective especially in linking the relationship of the data he has gathered through observations. The only downside is that the style appears to be redundant after a couple of scenarios. His main stance is that in analyzing police work and behavior, one must pay attention not only to its cultural and social frameworks, but also in its inflexible nature in order to fully support and defend the generally accepted concept of public order (Herbert 20-1). On a personal viewpoint, his argument benefits well from the qualitative nature of the research. The variables present in such research is not only quantified by numbers, but also qualified by reasons. Through this, the author is able to dig deeper into the â€Å"whys,† thus enabling him to formulate conclusions that will aid towards more insightful views into the reasons for certain police

Opreating management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Opreating management - Assignment Example hin the business, the work role and responsibilities of the operations department is deemed to impose considerable impact upon business in any industry sector. Notably, operations management can be defined as form of management approach which deals with the aspect of designing along with controlling the production procedures within a business. It is apparent that operations management is regarded as one of the most significant sections of a business in the modern day context. It will not be ambiguous to depict that success or failure of any business in the present day context is immensely dependent on the efficiency of its operational domain (Bamford & Forrester, 2010). This particular discussion will outline the operations management process of a particular company i.e. McDonalds operating in the Lincoln Street of UK. It is evident that McDonalds is amid the most successful brands in the global fast food industry and its operations are spread worldwide. The company has a long historical background associated with it. The company has always been keen towards strengthening its manufacturing and logistic process. The operations of the company in the UK region have been considered quite successful owing to the efficient supply and operating network of the company throughout the country (Bamford & Forrester, 2010).. However, this particular assignment will mainly focus on depicting the operations management process of the company operating in the location of Lincoln Street. A transformation model is a particular framework that helps the management of business to comprehend the current scenario of the business and mitigate any fault or weaknesses existing thereon (The Center for Organizational Design, 2012). The model intends towards reducing the complexity for companies in business decision making. This aspect also corresponds with the scenario of the operations of McDonalds operating in the Lincoln Street of UK. Similar to other branches of McDonald’s, this unit

Be aware of motorcycle riders Speech or Presentation

Be aware of motorcycle riders - Speech or Presentation Example According to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), a person is 37 times more likely to die in a motorcycle accident than a car accident and nine times more likely to become injured while riding a motorcycle than while driving a car (Keller & Keller, par.6). These data are quite alarming and disturbing. I think that it should be the concern of every American, motorcycle rider or not, to be more cognizant of motorcycles on the road. Motorists should be reminded that motorcycles are a legal and legitimate form of transportation and that motorcyclists have as much of a right to be on the road as other motor vehicles. Motorcyclists are more vulnerable to injury in case of a crash. This is one reason why motorists must be especially aware of the dangers that motorcyclists face on the road. Motorists must always be reminded that they must "share the road" with motorcycles and that they should be aware of the presence of motorc ycles at all times, since they might be more difficult to see than other cars. Over two-thirds of car-motorcycle crashes are caused by drivers, not by motorcyclists (Saveabiker.com, par.1).

In what respects is Pluto more like a moon than a Jovian or Essay

In what respects is Pluto more like a moon than a Jovian or terrestrial planet - Essay Example Since Pluto is a small ice chunk, it does not quite settle into these two categories and is more similar to a satellite or moon (Weintraub 45). One of the criteria for any object to be categorized as a real planet is that it must have â€Å"cleared the neighborhood around its orbit." The mass of Earth is approximately 1.7 million times higher than the mass of all other objects within its orbit. Unfortunately, the mass of Pluto is only 0.07 times higher than the mass of its other orbiting objects. Consequently, in 2006 Pluto was officially relegated to a ‘dwarf planet’ (Weintraub 98). More objective minds have lately decided to remove Pluto from the list of planets surrounding the sun. There are some objects that are larger than the Pluto that would qualify to be included to the list of planets if really Pluto was deliberated a planet (Weintraub

Motivation Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Motivation Plan - Research Paper Example These efforts will then set the stage for the Job enrichment program. It is hoped that these efforts will generate the targeted measures. However, beyond those figures, it is hoped that these motivation plan will bring back the confidence of the GM employees to the company and help bring General Motors back to its pre-crisis stature as one of the most admired companies in the U.S. and one of the foremost automobile manufacturer in the world. Organization: General Motors Corporation (GM) General Motors Corporation (GM) was among the biggest casualties during the â€Å"Great Recession† that rocked the entire global economy. It is the biggest automobile manufacturer in the United States and one of the highest employers of the nation. GM manufactures Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and many other brands of cars and trucks sold to over 30 countries worldwide. Last June 2009, GM filed for bankruptcy wiping out jobs and share value in drastically affecting employees and investors alike. A lso, retirees have been affected with some cuts in their health care benefits and pensions have been threatened (Isidore). Prior to the credit crunch of 2008, the historic surrender of one of the biggest and oldest companies was practically unthinkable. In fact, people have generally held the â€Å"General† in high regard. ... Need for a Motivational Plan, Benefits & Selection Process There are three important goals for employees namely equity, achievement and camaraderie. As such, employees need to feel that there is equal treatment which must apply to all the basics aspects of their job such as the compensation, the benefits accorded to them and of course the way they are treated. Also, they must feel secure about the job and this must be a general feeling within the whole organization. Likewise, employees ought to be able to take pride in what they are doing, what they have done and of course who they are doing these things for. At the same time, employees are able to be more motivated if they have a mutually beneficial working condition with their colleagues (Sirota, Mischkind, Meltzer). These have been practically decimated when General Motors Corporation (GM) succumbed to the recession. In fact, there remains an underlying uncertainty as to what the future will hold for these employees. Thus, this mo tivational plan is prepared to help improve the morale of the employees by designing a program that will help line leaders be motivated as well as their employees through a spill over effect. The motivation plan will be integrated on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) so that it can be measured easily. This is a very important aspect to ensure that the motivational plan is followed through since having the capability to measure work affects employee behavior. Likewise, the BSC will enable the policymakers to have a quick clear view of what is going on in the organization. This is possible since the BSC not only focuses on the traditional measure of finance but considers other key perspectives as well such as the customer perspective, internal business

In what respects is Pluto more like a moon than a Jovian or Essay

In what respects is Pluto more like a moon than a Jovian or terrestrial planet - Essay Example Since Pluto is a small ice chunk, it does not quite settle into these two categories and is more similar to a satellite or moon (Weintraub 45). One of the criteria for any object to be categorized as a real planet is that it must have â€Å"cleared the neighborhood around its orbit." The mass of Earth is approximately 1.7 million times higher than the mass of all other objects within its orbit. Unfortunately, the mass of Pluto is only 0.07 times higher than the mass of its other orbiting objects. Consequently, in 2006 Pluto was officially relegated to a ‘dwarf planet’ (Weintraub 98). More objective minds have lately decided to remove Pluto from the list of planets surrounding the sun. There are some objects that are larger than the Pluto that would qualify to be included to the list of planets if really Pluto was deliberated a planet (Weintraub

Drinking and Driving in the United States Essay

Drinking and Driving in the United States - Essay Example Overview Drunk driving is an avoidable problem especially with self responsibility. Increasing number of arrests might have little to do against this offence. Alcohol tends to damage the Central Nervous System of an individual. When the BAC level is at .10 percent the ability to take proper decisions gets damaged and the drivers lose control on the steering. He lacks the alertness necessary to understand if a danger lay ahead in the street and the response time is delayed. The vision is also disturbed due to a high BAC level. In some cases there might be difficulty in understanding the traffic signal colors and the capacity to differentiate them (Goodenough, Wallance and McGuire, 12-15). Drunk drivers might also face the problem of driving safely during the night or redeem from the glare of light in minimum possible time. Under such situation and in the absence of self awareness is an individual the enforcement of the law comes to play a role. However apart from the level of enforcem ent, it is important for the public to know the laws. Background Any decision of a driver which is impaired by alcohol intake can result in danger for others or the driver taking abnormal risks. It might lead to the driver taking improper turns and misjudgments regarding the speed and the right roads. Jerky movements and sharp turns might result owing to drunk driving. This might alarm the other travelers or the normal drivers. In US a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of .08 or more is considered to be above the legal ceiling in all the states (NHTSA). As per the NHTSA findings, in 2003 less than 9 percent of the drivers with a BAC of 0.08 percent or more and involved in crashes involving deaths were repeat offenders of drunk driving who were under one or more accusations of DWI (driving while intoxicated) – â€Å"Drivers with a BAC of 0.08% or higher involved in fatal crashes were eight times more likely to have a prior conviction for DWI than were drivers with no alcohol in the ir system.† (CDC; Wren) Position statement: Drunk driving being a criminal offence in US, is one of the major causes of deaths due to motor accidents in the country. Appeals and Evidence In the United States of America drunken driving is included under the specific criminal offence of DUI or Driving Under Influence. The most striking as well as pitiful information that makes it justified to regard drunk driving as a criminal offence is that in 2008 deaths due to dunk driving contributed to 32 percent of total car accidental deaths in 2008. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2007 amongst the motor vehicles related fatal accidents around 32 percent were the outcome of alcohol impaired driving especially with drivers having BAC of .08 or more. During the span 1995 to 2006 incidences of injuries related to motor vehicle collisions admitted was 8272 out of which motor cycle and mopped crashes contributed to 12 percent and amongst them 24.5 of the motorcy clists and 39 percent of moped operators were impaired by alcohol (Christmas, Brintzenhoff, and Schmelzer, 305). When notes in absolute terms, the total deaths come to 37261 and 11773 were due to drunk driving. During the night the drivers were more likely to drink and hence death

Judaism - Meaning of life Essay Example for Free

Judaism Meaning of life Essay The meaning of life is a philosophical question concerning the significance of life or existence in general. It can also be expressed in different forms, such as Why are we here? , What is life all about? , and What is the purpose of existence? It has been the subject of much philosophical, scientific, and theological speculation throughout history. There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The meaning of life is in the philosophical and religious conceptions of existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness, and borders on many other issues, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple Gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the how of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question What is the meaning of my life? The value of the question pertaining to the purpose of life may coincide with the achievement of ultimate reality, or a feeling of oneness, or even a feeling of sacredness. governs the universe. Closeness with the God of Israel is through study of His Torah, and adherence to its mitzvot (divine laws). In traditional Judaism, God established a special covenant with a people, the people of Israel, at Mount Sinai, giving the Jewish commandments. Torah comprises the written Pentateuch and the transcribed oral tradition, further developed through the generations. The Jewish people are intended as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation[69] and a light to the Nations, influencing the other peoples to keep their own religio-ethical Seven Laws of Noah. The messianic era is seen as the perfection of this dual path to God. Jewish observances involve ethical and ritual, affirmative and prohibative injunctions. Modern Jewish denominations differ over the nature, relevance and emphases of mitzvot. Jewish philosophy emphasises that God is not affected or benefited, but the individual and society benefit by drawing close to God. The rationalist Maimonides sees the ethical and ritual divine commandments as a necessary, but insufficient preparation for philosophical understanding of God, with its love and awe. [70] Among fundamental values in the Torah are pursuit of justice, compassion, peace, kindness, hard work, prosperity, humility, and education. [71][72] The world to come,[73] prepared in the present, elevates man to an everlasting connection with God. [74] Simeon the Righteous says, the world stands on three things: on Torah, on worship, and on acts of loving kindness. The prayer book relates, blessed is our God who created us for his honor and planted within us everlasting life. Of this context, the Talmud states, everything that God does is for the good, including suffering. The Jewish mystical Kabbalah gives complimentary esoteric meanings of life. As well as Judaism providing an immanent relationship with God (personal theism), in Kabbalah the spiritual and physical creation is a paradoxical manifestation of the immanent aspects of Gods Being (panentheism), related to the Shekhinah (Divine feminine). Jewish observance unites the sephirot (Divine attributes) on high, restoring harmony to creation. In Lurianic Kabbalah, the meaning of life is the messianic rectification of the shattered sparks of Gods persona, exiled in physical existence (the Kelipot shells), through the actions of Jewish observance. [75] Through this, in Hasidic Judaism the ultimate essential desire of God is the revelation of the Omnipresent Divine essence through materiality, achieved by man from within his limited physical realm, when the body will give life to the soul. Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy named after its prophet Zoroaster, which is believed to have influenced the beliefs of Judaism and its descendant religions. [77] Zoroastrians believe in a universe created by a transcendental God, Ahura Mazda, to whom all worship is ultimately directed. Ahura Mazdas creation is asha, truth and order, and it is in conflict with its antithesis, druj, falsehood and disorder. (See also Zoroastrian eschatology). Since humanity possesses free will, people must be responsible for their moral choices. By using free will, people must take an active role in the universal conflict, with good thoughts, good words and good deeds to ensure happiness and to keep chaos at bay.

Free Essay - The Token Black Guy :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

The Token Black Guy    In school social circles, I always find myself "The Token Black Guy." I thought of this term for my role after viewing an episode of Scrubs on TV.  Ã‚   I started thinking about the small number of black students at my school. It is something I have always turned a blind eye to.    I've never really been bothered about being the only black friend most of my friends have. But at times, it leads me to some stressful conclusions. I realize that I, in a way, represent the entire black community to them, as they get to know me, and see my strengths and weaknesses. It is one of the things that keeps me motivated. Perhaps I want people to see only the best in us, or perhaps it is something deeper.    I have never had problems with people because they were white. There have been, however, those who've had problems with me because I'm black. Sometimes, it's very subtle: because I am black, I must listen to rap music, play basketball or use a lot of slang. In truth, my parents make fun of me for using a lot of big words, I'm terrible at sports, and usually listen to classical music.    Other times, however, it is more overt. People come up to me using slang and gestures typical of urban African-American youth, and expect me to reciprocate. It's gone so far as for white kids to think they can use the "n" word around me. This does more than make me angry, it makes me question my identity.    Modern culture, especially that perpetuated on MTV, has given many suburban white kids the idea that they are oppressed by some business-like aristocracy. That may be true in a way, but in another, it is puzzling that the reaction has been for many middle-class Caucasian youth to adopt black culture as their own. And as far as media perception of black people, I really don't fit that mold. I am very in touch with my culture, heritage and race. And I take a great deal of pride in it. But because I don't fit the stereotype that even white kids are now trying to emulate, it sometimes puts me at odds with my own perception of my race.

Reality or Illusion Essay -- essays research papers

In Andrew and Larry Wachowski’s 1999 film, The Matrix, and Plato’s Republic, â€Å"On Shadows and Realities,?reality and illusion are one in the same. The Wachowski brothers allows the viewer to see how reality and illusion can be mistaken for the other, using a number of contrasting ideas found in Plato's analogy of the Cave, showing that at times the dream world can be safer than real life. The matrix is a simulation that creates an imaginary world where people are prisoners from reality, much like Plato's mythological The Cave. The cave holds prisoners inside a dark cave, chained in way prohibiting them from turning their heads, only able to see what is in front of them. All they see is a wall that displays images of what appears to be of people or animals passing behind them. These reflections or images are all the prisoners know of the world outside the cave. They see only what the marionette players want them to see: projections of objects that are not real but seem real because they have never seen the real world. People in the matrix only see what the machines show, making it difficult to wake up from a continuous dream show, trapped in an illusional world unable to break free. However, some do break free. Through much effort, Plato's freed man escapes, only to face a life of confusion and fear. With the matrix, most die trying to escape from it, but once free are just as confused as Plato’s freed man. His first reaction is to return to the cave, which is familiar and s...

Issues Concerning African Americans and Puerto Ricans Essay

There are four major ethnic, cultural and racial groups present in the United States today. These groups which compose the nation’s population are the African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic and Native Americans or the Non-Hispanic Whites. From the dawn of time, issues of racial profiling have haunted the American Society, although United States of America is said to be the birthplace of patriotism unity and believed to be a nation that will adhere to intense dedication to freedom, justice and equality (Feagin, 1978). The vast diversity of the American population which characterizes the nation’s inhabitants has often resulted to disorder and chaos, as discrimination exists across the nation. Although the government has taken some actions and laws have been made and are implemented, they are not enough to counteract the racism problem at hand which is deeply rooted in the American tradition, as a longer time may deemed necessary before the public become accustomed to a racial free society. If the authorities are keen on abolishing and eliminate racial discrimination, it then important that they see to it that the public would have a better understanding and background of the different ethnic and minority groups. Awareness to their values, customs and traditions are small little steps that may eventually lead to these groups coexistence. For this reason, the paper discusses two of the major groups that play important roles in shaping the United States social structure, the African Americans and the Puerto Ricans. The emergence of Africans Americans or the black Americans population, which are United States residents but with blood lineage from the black racial group of Africa, in the United States can be traced back way before 1800’s as majority of black Americans have their descendants in the United States. While White Americans came to the United States voluntarily, their Black counterparts were not given a choice as majority of the black population came in America as slaves (Feagin, 1978). It is noting to know that among the different ethnics group that come and settled in the United States, African Americans are the only group which have come not in accordance with their own free will. They were used as servants in large agricultural fields. It was believed that the first African American that had entered the borders of the United States settled in Jamestown. Their slavery and the hard labors they performed served as their free passage to the United States as they are compared to English poor people. However during the great American Civil War, by virtue of the proclamation signed by President Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans became free. But then the post war era, the restoration period, calls for the segregation of blacks from the whites and deteriorates what was supposed to be period of new beginning for the blacks.. In order to free themselves of troubles and violence brought by discrimination, most Black Americans followed the law which dictates racial segregation. However, as violence related to racial discrimination became widespread, calls for abolishing the racial profiling laws also intensify as growing African American heritage and intellect became more evident. The era of civil rights movement which aimed to promote camaraderie and embed equality by eliminating racial discrimination help largely to the Black Americans cause of seeking dignity for their culture and race. Thus, when the Black Power Propaganda was formed a more complex ideology was born as African American seeks for moral dignity, fairness, justice and freedom from white oppression. Today, free from slavery and contributing vastly to economics and politics and enjoying a legal status, Black Americans have enjoyed a great deal of success as they experienced and enjoyed greater rights, far from what were their ancestors have before. However, complete satisfaction and recognition of their rights will have to wait for another few years as white people and custom is still the dominant culture in the United States. The radical change, however, which started from the nineteenth century are strong indications and evidence of the emerging power the African Americans are obtaining. African Americans now have greater access top higher educations and growth in employment as blue and white collar workers are also evident. Disparity between the poverty of black and people have also reduced and many black Americans now have there owned home. However, the sad part is although continuous improvements are achieved each day, black Americans are still at disadvantage with the white people. It can be observed in issues regarding health insurances and benefits and institutional racism, which is very much present especially in middle school’s class. In fact, a report in Rutherford country showed that massive complaints of racial discriminations are filed as parents are alarmed with the growing numbers of black students that are suspended. Compare to their white counterparts, black students continue to be suspended at much higher rates, raising the question of racial discrimination in imposing discipline among the students. In 2006 for instance, 14. 4 % of black students were suspended in the district, which causes a handful of students to lag behind their studies (Scott, 2007). On the other hand rate of suspension for white students stand at 6. 6% (Scott, 2007). Figures and numbers indicate that the rates at which black students are suspended are more than double of the rate at which whites are. This then has poses an alarmed to the black population as their children are put into a disadvantage situation. Just like the African Americans, Puerto Ricans suffer a great deal of oppression and poverty as they occupy the bottom most part of the United States’ social hierarchy for years (Feagin, 1978). They are considered as one of the world’s poorest groups, however, Puerto Rico posses a great link to the Caribbean world and the developing counties across the globe, which the United States social failed to utilize for their own advantage as it failed to realize its importance to the nation. The emergence of the Puerto Rican Ethnic group dates back to the time when the island which was then named as Borinquen, was a colony under the rule of Spain. For 400 years, Spain uses it as a strategic base. The island was a home for different tribes of Taino, however as the Spanish settle with in the island, population of the Indian tribes gradually diminished as generations passed by. Disappearance was due to the fact that Spain used them for forced labor in mines -which causes natives to acquire disease, massive exterminations and racial intermingling and merging. During that time, where in slavery was widespread, large number of African Americans was brought to Puerto to replace the natives as workers. Thus, the present genetic component of a modern Puerto Rican is a mix of Spanish, native Indians and African American. In 1898, as Spain succumb to American power during the Spanish-American War it surrendered Puerto Rico to the United States. Americans deemed Puerto Ricans as ignorant and as result, self governing was denied to them and Puerto Rico become entirely dependent to the US government. Puerto Ricans were left confused politically and culturally as they desperately ask matters about the issue of their citizenship. US Congress however, denied them of acquiring US citizenship relating that Puerto Ricans and Americans should not be treated as equal and they are inferior compare to them. But a year before the US plunged into the World War I, it granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship. With the booming population and stagnant economics, Puerto Rico became one of the poorest countries around the globe in the 1940’s. In an effort to escape the harsh reality of life in the island, many of the population migrated to the United States, bringing with them the hope and the promise of an American Dream. However, the situation would not be different, as immigrants would fail to land jobs and are exploited. Furthermore, housings were prioritized for Native Americans. Language handicapped was also a barrier, which leads to them being discriminated. Puerto Ricans are also identified with Catholicism and Christianity which is teaching based from Spanish colonial times, and since the structure of the American church is Protestant, conflicts often arise. Businessmen of Puerto Rico descends, would often complain of the difficulty in getting loans. With automation starting to engulf the business and industrial sections, Puerto Ricans further sink to the bottom of the social pyramid as they become more isolated, like the black people. There were no opportunities that were presented for them as they lack the skills to land jobs. But then came the era of being unrest, the emergence of Civil Rights Movement and Anti-Poverty Groups in the 1960’s helped Puerto Ricans stimulate and assimilate into the American society, culture and politics (Nash, 2000). The movement and program covers every Puerto Rican and led to astounding solutions to the problems that result from ethnics and cultural differences and inconsistencies which are related to the failure to be in accordance with the dominant American Culture. The emergence of theses groups had opened the eyes of the Puerto Rican public to seek for fair and just treatment and uphold their dignity. Although they have been successful in appealing for changes, after decades of struggling for political representation, culture and customs respect and their placed into the American Society, Puerto Ricans are today just slowly beginning to achieve and realize the progress and results. Whether it is questions about citizenship status, welfare and housing programs, bilingual and multi-cultural education or electoral power, Puerto Ricans had stood the test of time and has proven it is capable of complex assimilation to the dominant American society. However for Puerto Ricans and other ethnic minorities and racial group in America, being subordinate to the dominant American culture is a continued struggle as still they are treated unjustly. References Feagin. J. (1978) Racial and Ethnic Relations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. p. 212, p. 298 Scott, B. (2007). Daily Race Colors Suspensions. News Journal Murfreesboro. Nash, K. (2000). Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power. Blackwell Publishers.

Effects Of Cell Phones On Society Essay

The cell phone as we know was invented in the 1990s, and this invent has been one of the best inventions in the history. The use of the cell phones became popular and people began to utilize them in their daily lives. Nowadays to have a cell phone is not a luxury, is a necessity. According to the statistics, nine of ten persons in the United States have a cell phone. The cell phones have made positive and negative changes in our culture depending on the way people use them. Some of the positive effects of cell phones are easy communication and multitasking. The main usage of the cell phone was to be able to communicate easily. Originally, the cell phone was made only to talk when people were away from home or their office. After the years, they have been creating new technology that allow people to talk, text, email, browse the internet and make a videoconference sometimes at the same time, so we can say that the cell phone created better communication in the advantage world. In addi tion to easy communication, the cell phones are multitask. They have added many more options to make our lives easier. Now people don’t have to carry a map, gps, laptop, video camera, radio or a notebook. Also, people can play video games or watch a movie with only one small device. The cell phones have many positive effects; however, they also have negative effects like the high cost, negative social effects and dependency or addiction. The first negative effect is the cost. The newest Smartphones are expensive and their lifetime is short. They are always coming up with new upgrade technology that make people feel they need to buy the newest model. Also, the cost of the service is expensive; users need to pay depending in how many minutes they need or the Internet velocity. In addition users will pay for extra programs, applications and accessories not including in the monthly pay. Another negative effect is cell phones can create addiction or dependency. The cell phone can make people an addict because they feel that they need to have it with they all the time and also cause  anxiety for example, when you think you lost your phone you could feel stressed out about losing information saved on it. Moreover, it distracts your driving and it can cause an accident. Finally, there are the negative social effects. Since the Smartphone was created, people don’t communicate face to face as much as before. People is olate themselves because they prefer to talk by phone rather than verbally. Also, they have become very disrespectful because they use the phone in meetings, at church, in class, eating with friends etc. In conclusion, the cell phones make our life easy by facilitating communication. We also know that they have positive and negative effects, but the positive effects like easy communication, multitasking are stronger than the negative ones like cost, dependency and negative social effects. You can avoid the negative effects by using the phone with responsibility.

Reading Comprehension and Mathematical Problem Solving Skills Essay

ABSTRACT This study determined the relation between reading comprehension skills and mathematical problem-solving skills of fourth year high school students of Tagaytay City Science National High School. Specifically, the study aimed to: describe the profile of the students in terms of age, gender, birth order, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, and monthly family income; determine the level of reading comprehension skills of the students; determine the level of mathematical problem-solving skills of the students; determine the significant differences in the students’ reading comprehension skills when grouped according to age, gender, birth order, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, and monthly family income; determine the significant differences in the students’ mathematical problem-solving skills when grouped according to age, gender, birth order, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation , and monthly family income; and determine the significant relationship between students’ reading comprehension skills and mathematical problem-solving skills. The descriptive-correlational research design was used in this study. The respondents of the study were the 222 fourth year high school students under the general curriculum. In order to collect data and provide answers to the research hypotheses, Students’ Questionnaire, researcher-made test on mathematical problem solving, and Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test were used by the researcher in gathering data. For data analysis, the following statistical tools were used: frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation. The significance of the differences and relationship were tested at 0.05 level. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: The fourth year high school students of Tagaytay City Science National High School are mostly of average age, their ages range from 15 – 16 years old. There are  more female students than male students. A big percentage of the respondents are middle born. Majority of the respondents’ parents finish high school. Majority of the respondents’ fathers and mothers are unskilled workers. Most of the respondents’ family are low income earners, the monthly family income range from P 10,000 – P 19,999. The level of reading comprehension skill of the students is â€Å"good.† The level of mathematical problem-solving skill of the students is â€Å"fair.† There are no significant differences in the students’ reading comprehension skills when grouped according to age, gender, birth order, parents’ educational attainment, and monthly family income. However, there is a significant difference between reading comprehension skills and fathers’ occupation but there is no significant difference between reading comprehension skills and mothers’ occupation. There are no significant differences in the students’ mathematical problem-solving skills when grouped according to age, gender, birth order, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, and monthly family income. Finally, there is a significant relationship between students’ reading comprehension skills and mathematical problem-solving skills. The following are hereby recommended by the researcher: Students should observe proper study habits . They should develop a study schedule to help them maximize their time for studying that could lead to improvement of their reading comprehension and mathematical problem solving skills. There is a need to assist students develop favorable attitude toward reading different reading materials that suit their interest and age. Students should constantly practice solving mathematical problems, for them to master and to improve their skill. English teachers should motivate students to engage in recreational reading to facilitate language learning. They should help them develop the attitude of learning while enjoying. They should give quarterly reading reports using books, magazines, newspapers, and other reading materials that test their level of comprehension along literal, interpretative, and critical areas. These reports can be used to evaluate the progress of reading comprehension of the students. Likewise, mathematics teachers should provide students with proper motivation related to problem solving and create a positive learning environment to improve their performance. Further, mathematics teachers should introduce varied techniques and strategies in solving word problems. During classroom  instruction, they should check the steps adapted by the students in solving mathematical problems to correct their mistakes in that instance and to enhance their performance in mathematics. Parents must see to it that their children observe proper study habits and if possible guide them in their homeworks and other class activities . They must advise and encourage their children to read different reading materials. In addition, parents must understand that their children need to be guided most especially in their weaknesses in problem solving. The administrators should continuously train teachers in reading strategies to update them on the latest trends and issues so that they can use these in teaching students on how to read effectively and meaningfully. Similarly, the administrators should provide seminars and trainings about mathematical problem solving techniques to equip their teachers with new methods in problem solving, which they can later impart to their students in solving problems systematically and analytically. Moreover, school administrators should be supportive of their teachers to help them grow professionally. They should encourage teachers to pursue graduate studies in English and mathematics. Finally, school administrators should exert efforts to conceptualize programs and activities on how reading can be involved in mathematics instruction. Curriculum makers should develop learning materials that will enhance the reading comprehension and mathematical problem solving skills of the students. They should also focus on improving the curriculum of English and mathematics. Lastly, future researchers may conduct studies of this nature to validate the results of the present study and to include other variables which were not investigated in this study such as attitude toward mathematics and English, study habits, and some teacher related factors. MATEL, PABLO B., Reading Comprehension and Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills of Fourth Year High School Students of Tagaytay City Science National High School, SY 2013 – 2014. Master’s Thesis. Master of Arts in Education major in Mathematics Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite. Octber 2013. Adviser: Dr. Constancia G. Cueno.

The Feeling of Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Feeling of Excellence - Essay Example If you want more, then go for more excellence.† And so Matilda looked for more. Matilda’s paternal grandfather, Leonardo, seemed to be the perfect source of knowledge when it came to excellence. At 90 years old, he must know what excellence means. Matilda decided to visit him. She took two sandwiches and a can of orange juice. She wanted to be prepared of their long conversation over the definition of excellence. She took her food and drinks and went to the next door, because that’s where her grandparents lived. Before even knocking, a large, looming figure with grey hair opened the door. Matilda shouted: â€Å"Grandpapa! You almost killed me!† Leonardo laughed and carried the child to the living room. He said: â€Å"Well, your mother called and told me you’d come.† Matilda shrugged: â€Å"You should have pretended you read my mind! That would have been more exciting and mysterious!† She opened her juice and drank some before she said: â€Å"Anyway, I have some business with you grandpapa. Do you know what excellence is? Your son does not give a clear meaning for it.† Then she smiled. Leonardo laughed cheerfully: â€Å"I must say so. My son must be quite over his head on this one. Well, excellence is about being the best of where you are. Like the best student. That’s excellence.† Matilda asked: â€Å"What about the effort? Does that not account for excellence too?† Grandfather answered: â€Å"Hmm†¦You have a point there. Excellence is more of an outcome or result though.† Matilda thanked him and left. She was slowly walking and chewing on her second sandwich. Thinking made her hungry. On her way back to her house, she chanced upon the philosopher who called himself Socrates. Socrates called Matilda: â€Å"Why hello there my pumpkin! What seems to be bothering you? You look so creased, you can roll away like crumpled paper!† Matilda laughed at the thought of her rolli ng along the street. Matilda told Socrates her dilemma. He said that the question was difficult to answer, because every answer yields additional questions. He said: â€Å"What is excellence? Who defines it? Who says who can define it? Who believes these definitions? Ah, excellence confounded Aristotle and Socrates too. I am not much of a help. You have to discover what it means in your own, my little Plato.† Matilda creased herself even further. She should be rolling like crumpled paper by now. Matilda decided to sit at the porch. She stared blankly into space. Mr. Smithson walked by. He was the mayor. He saw the bothered look on Matilda and decided to approach her. He said: â€Å"Can I sit with you Matilda? Anything I can do for you?† Matilda answered: â€Å"Well, you can if you know what excellence is.† The Mayor shared his ideas on excellence: â€Å"Excellence is public service. It is about going beyond yourself and helping others.† Matilda looked pen sive and replied: â€Å"But that does not make me an excellent one then. I can barely help myself in many things. Thanks anyway.† The Mayor smiled and said goodbye. Matilda went in her house and felt deflated. No one gave her a satisfying answer of what excellence is. She sat at the living room and looked at her mom. She just baked some banana cake and pressed fresh orange juice.

Strategic analysis of IKEA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Strategic analysis of IKEA - Essay Example plistic style matches also the no-frills product lines and customer service ethos and chimes with the company’s origins as a small Swedish family business which started in 1958. In reality, however, the company has a sophisticated approach to its business, and this is built on a suite of interlocking strategies. This paper will consider five of these in turn: Alliances/Agreements, Human Resource Factors, Knowledge Management and Competencies, Cultural and Strategic Fitness, and finally Environment/Sensitivity issues and analyse the appropriateness and effectiveness of each. IKEA’s phenomenal success in expanding from Europe to America and Asia could not have happened without a network of well-chosen alliances and long term business relationships with suppliers, manufacturers and logistics operators. Planning of supply and demand across the whole operation is done centrally with the aid of computerized APS (advanced planning systems) and this requires advance agreements on volumes and capacities for both IKEA and the different suppliers. (Jonsson et al, 2008, p. 99). The aim of this approach is to make optimal use of resources throughout the whole chain and to minimize stock levels. Where possible, and when quality control processes are in place at the required level, suppliers are tied into a system of direct delivery to the point of sale. Johnsson et al. identify four main â€Å"enablers† for this planning process â€Å"planning organisation, data quality, software support and project and change management† (Jonsson et al, 2008, p . 100). The last of these entails significant time and resources spent by IKEA managers out in the field: â€Å"IKEA has over time struggled with achieving consistent result from its implementation efforts†¦ A Four-Step model has been defined clearly recognizing the need to create awareness in the first step, create interest in what is coming in the second step, making users try out the solution in the third step and finally adopt

Participative Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Participative Leadership - Term Paper Example This paper discusses various aspects and forms of participative leadership. Participative leadership plays an important role in empowering the organization’s members as well as instilling perception that the employees can establish their work roles and achieve consequential work. Participative leadership is arguably one of the modern styles of leadership that emphasizes on follower’s perspective and creates a distinctive leadership style and approach. There are varieties of forms of participative leadership that can be applied by the leadership or management. A number of theorists agreed on distinctive and meaningful decision making procedures namely autocratic, consultation, joint decision and delegation. It is important to note that the decision making procedures vary from non participative autocratic decision making which is almost outdated to very participative decision making procedures. In participative decision making procedures, the members have great influence on the outcome of the decision made. However, there are both positive and n egative influences of participation (Ricketts, 2011). Participative leadership offers an array of potential benefits such as higher decision quality and overwhelming approval by the participants. The participants are normally satisfied with the decision making process as well as having a good opportunity for developing decision making skills. Participative decision making process may lead to contribution and sharing of knowledge. Members of the organizations may have vital knowledge, talent or skills in solving the issue at hand which the leader may not have thus improving the quality of decision made. Participation in decision making can further make the participants perceive the decision as their s by owning it thus boosting the implementation of the decision. This kind of leadership usually emphasize on avoidance of issues that bring conflict amongst members by either improving on the issues

Positive and Negative Impacts on International Business Assignment

Positive and Negative Impacts on International Business - Assignment Example These forces include economics, religion and politics. Globalization can corrode and globalize the characteristics and individualities of a local cluster. Globalization is the scheme of interface among the economies and countries in order to develop and grow the global economy. The term globalization has been increased since the mid of 1980s. In the year 200, the IMF have identified four fundamental aspects of globalization, such as dissemination of Knowledge, Trade and Transactions, migration and movement of human beings and capital and investment movements. Moreover, several environment challenges like, cross-boundary air and water pollution, climate change, and over fishing is directly and indirectly linked with globalization. Globalization has able to influence and strengthen the power of several intuitions, such as World Bank, International Monetary fund and World Trade Organization. The global business outsourcing has significantly increased due to the globalization. Several co untries face challenges as they tend to maximize positive outcomes from globalization. They did not bother about the minimization of necessary elements. Due to globalization, the control of consumers over the suppliers from other foreign countries gets weaker. Multinational A multinational corporation is a corporation, which is registered in more than the host country. The multinational corporations both manufacture and sell products and services in various countries (Gitman and McDanniel, 2008, p.52). Moreover, the multinational corporations have business operations in more than one country. The first ever multinational corporation was the East India Company. These multinational corporations play an important role in globalization. Business practices of multinational corporations in several countries can overcome the unemployment problem of the nation. Moreover, it helps to increase the GDP growth rate of a country. Multinational corporations can have exerted controversial politica l and economic power in some countries. As a result, critics have viewed these multinational corporations distrustfully and sometimes seek to have host countries inflict restrictions on them. Accountability is also a challenge for Multinational Corporation. These organizations’ annual revenue over and over again exceeds the Gross Domestic Product of several developing countries. It will affect the financial and economic structure of a country. Glocalization Glocalization is a combination of both the terms globalization and localization. It is a business terminology for the adoption of goods and services to each culture and locality in which it used to sell. This term and process is very much similar to internationalization. This term was first introduced in late 1980 in global market. The increasing restaurant chains in global market is an example of globalization, but the change of menus in several countries in order to attract the people of particular countries is an exampl e of Glocalization (Hesselbach, J., 2011, p.2). Organizations, individuals and households are trying to maintain the social networks that used to combine the long-distance and local interactions. The declaration of particular locality, such as a state or a city or a town is used to consider as a world territory, with rights and responsibilities on a global scale. Before

Persuasive presentation Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Persuasive presentation Speech - Essay Example generates 160 million tons of trash, in particular, the legally dumped garbage. This amount of garbage constitutes adequate metal that may be used to fabricate two million automobiles; paper that can publish America’s daily newspapers; wood that can build a million homes; and bulk aluminum sufficient for rebuilding American air fleet a couple of times. It is apparent that the American population is drowning in Trash. Americans have a responsibility to counter the current trends by recycling the trash; otherwise, there will be no tomorrow for us. As such, recycling is the most appropriate method for tackling the problem. A. Recycling concept fits appropriately in the current waste situation in U.S. as well as other parts of the world. The perceived recycling attempts are yet to achieve the requisite standards. People’s misconceptions about the process such as recycling being time consuming as well as a bother are some of the reasons why Americans lag behind in recycling their wastes (Saddleback Educational Publishing 5). C. The negative effects of landfills to the environment are attributable not only to their closure but also to implementation of recycling as an appropriate alternative. It is apparent that landfills result in serious water and air pollution (Griff 2). E. Recycling contributes to reduction of pollution, and saves energy. Several countries, including Japan are enjoying substantial benefits relating to cost-effectiveness and reduced energy consumption, by recycling their waste. It appears that recycling is turning out to be the next big thing internationally. Different institutions and the public are increasingly adopting recycling as an alternative method of disposing waste or trash. Recycling household commodities is considerably easy and requires little time. It is the responsibility for all to promote environment sustainability. As noted, disposal of waste in landfills is detrimental to the environment; therefore, it is important to

Aussie stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Aussie stereotypes Essay Around the world, people are raised not to stereotype others. However, they often define their own cultural identity by stereotyping themselves. Not only do the stereotypes provide the model that individuals seek to match, they also provide a sense of commonality that makes people feel that they are part of a community. For example, the Chinese have been described as: â€Å"Peaceful, hardworking and easily content. They respect elders, love children and are patient with their fellows. Chinese in general are reserve and humble. They believe in harmony and never look for confrontation. † It is not only the Chinese that like to self-stereotype. The Italians self-stereotype themselves as having great style, the French as having elegance, the Japanese as being hard workers, and the Spanish as being lovers of life. The stereotypes are picked up by outsiders and in turn multiplied, particularly in travel guides where travellers are eager to know something about the kind of culture they are about to visit. In Australia, there are some individuals who can appreciate the benefits of a cultural identity and who have created stereotypes to own that identity. One such Australian is Peter Cosgrove, ex-Chief of the Army. According to Cosgrove, Without doubt the best quality we observe across the entire Australian community is a natural willingness to pitch in and have a go, to help others. We see it of course whenever there is an emergency or a worthy cause. We see it in every community volunteer organisation from the lifesavers to the bushfire brigades through to the thousands of youth and mature age sporting clubs and those great international service organisations like Rotary and many others. We see it in our professional bodies such as the police, fire and ambulance services and of course in the defence force. It is a generosity of spirit and a selflessness that is perhaps our most precious heritage to hand on to younger and newer Australians a nation of people who care for and look out for each other. It is impossible to confirm the accuracy of Cosgroves stereotype. Certainly not all Australians volunteer to fight fires, guard beaches, join the army, work in a Salvation Army store, or pick up rubbish. However, even though a stereotype may not be true in practice, it may be true in myth and for this reason belief in the stereotype is a fact in itself. Also, when evoked in certain circumstances, the stereotype can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Individuals who believe it may conform to the positive social identity that the stereotype encourages. A myth of behaviour can then become a fact of behaviour. In other words, the stereotype becomes a guide about how to act and adjusts people in the process. Because individuals often act in conformity with stereotypes, advertisers often define stereotypes in the hope that the target audience will conform to them. For example, the lamb industry has often promoted the stereotype that there is something very Australian about eating lamb, (sheep are actually eaten all over the world. ) The campaign has been picked up by other businesses, such as McDonalds, which has also exploited the stereotype that as well as eating lamb, Australians put beetroot on hamburgers. For McDonalds, the stereotypes help build a localised rapport that makes the fast food chain appear less generic. Vegemite is another product that is stereotyped as something that true Australians consume. Compared to lamb, it is perhaps a better product to create the Australian stereotype because it is a uniquely Australian product (made from beer yeast) and most people from other countries can’t stand it.